These yarns can be divided into different yarn groups according to their running directions; Yarn in the same direction can also be divided into different yarn groups based on their different running patterns.
If there is only one direction of yarn running in a group, in order to form a stable relationship, adjacent yarns must be bent and threaded, continuing to move forward in a spatial curve shape, which is called winding; If there are yarn groups running in two directions, in order to form a stable relationship, they must bend up and down alternately and move forward after meeting, which is called crossing. Intersection is a type of planar curve winding or semi winding.
The cross and winding relationship can be composed of several yarns together or across multiple yarns, and different operating rules will form various cross winding combinations, forming diverse tissues.
Crossing and winding are two stable structural relationships that yarns can form. At the same time, there are two unstable structural relationships within the yarn group, namely contact and separation, which work together to generate balanced and stable forces in the fabric plane, maintaining a stable shape and specific mechanical properties of the fabric.
Analyzing the yarn groups in fabrics, their running directions, running patterns, and the relationships they form can provide a clear understanding of various fabrics.
A yarn group that runs in only one direction, with adjacent yarns winding forward, forms a knitted fabric. The crochet system of circular knitting machines, horizontal knitting machines, and warp knitting machines can complete the bending and regular changes of yarn, forming a winding relationship. There can be multiple operating patterns, forming different organizations; During warp knitting, yarn can also be threaded in the warp direction.
A yarn group running in two directions, intersecting and moving forward, forms a woven fabric. The shuttle loom can complete the up and down opening and closing of warp yarns, interweave weft yarns, and change the warp yarn running pattern to form various structures.