The simple method for identifying the composition of clothing fabrics is the combustion method. The method is to draw a strand of fabric containing warp and weft yarns from the edge of the garment, ignite it with fire, observe the state of the burning flame, smell the smell emitted by the fabric after burning, and observe the remaining material after burning, in order to determine whether the fabric composition matches the fabric composition marked on the durability label of the garment, and to identify the authenticity of the fabric composition.
1、 Cotton fiber and hemp fiber
Cotton fiber and hemp fiber both ignite immediately upon contact with a flame, burning rapidly with a yellow flame and emitting blue smoke. The difference between the odor emitted during combustion and the ash after combustion is that cotton emits a paper odor when burned, while hemp emits a plant ash odor when burned; After combustion, cotton has very little powder ash, appearing black or gray, while hemp produces a small amount of gray white powder ash.
2、 Wool fiber and real silk
Hair emits smoke when exposed to fire, bubbles when burning, and burns slowly, emitting a burnt smell of burning hair. After burning, the ash is mostly glossy black spherical particles that break when pressed by fingers. Real silk shrinks into a ball when exposed to fire, burns slowly, accompanied by a hissing sound, and emits a feverish and burnt smell. After burning, it turns into small black brown ball shaped ashes that can be crushed by hand.
3、 Nylon and polyester
Nylon, also known as polyamide fiber, rapidly shrinks and melts into a white gel when exposed to flames. It melts and drips in the flame, creating bubbles. When burning, there is no flame and it is difficult to continue burning without the flame. It emits a celery flavor and the light brown melt is not easily crushed after cooling. Polyester, also known as polyester fiber, is easy to ignite and melts and shrinks near flames. When burned, it melts and emits black smoke, forming a yellow flame and emitting a fragrant aroma. After burning, the ash becomes a black brown hard block that can be crushed with fingers.
4、 Acrylic and polypropylene fibers
The scientific name of acrylic fiber is polyacrylonitrile fiber, which softens and shrinks near fire. After ignition, it emits black smoke and a white flame. It quickly burns after leaving the flame, emitting a bitter smell of burnt meat. After burning, the ash becomes irregular black hard blocks that are easily broken by hand twisting. The scientific name of polypropylene fiber is polypropylene fiber, which melts and shrinks near flames, is flammable, burns slowly and emits black smoke. The flame has a yellow upper end and a blue lower end, emitting a petroleum smell. After burning, the ash is hard round light yellow brown particles, which are easily broken by hand twisting.
5、 Vinylon and Chlorlon
Vinylon, also known as polyvinyl formal fiber, is not easy to ignite. It melts and shrinks near the flame, and when it burns, there is a slight flame at the top. When the fiber melts into a gel like flame, the flame becomes larger, with thick black smoke and a bitter aroma. After burning, black bead like particles are left, which can be crushed with fingers. Chlorlon, also known as polyvinyl chloride fiber, is difficult to burn and extinguishes immediately upon ignition. The flame appears yellow with green white smoke at the bottom, emitting a pungent and pungent sour taste. After combustion, the ash turns into irregular black brown hard blocks that are not easily crushed by fingers.
6、 Spandex and Fluorofiber
The scientific name of spandex is polyurethane fiber. It melts and burns near the fire, and the flame turns blue when burning. It continues to melt and burn away from the fire, emitting a special pungent odor. After burning, the ash is soft and fluffy black ash. Fluoron fiber, also known as polytetrafluoroethylene fiber by ISO organization, is called fluorite fiber. It only melts near the flame, is difficult to ignite, and does not burn. The edge flame shows blue-green carbonization, which decomposes upon melting. The gas is toxic, and the melted material is hard round black beads. Fluoron fiber is commonly used in the textile industry to manufacture high-performance sewing threads.
7、 Adhesive fiber and copper ammonium fiber
Adhesive fiber is flammable and burns quickly. The flame is yellow and emits a burning paper smell. After burning, there is less ash and it appears as a smooth, twisted strip of light gray or gray white fine powder. Copper ammonium fiber, commonly known as tiger kapok, burns near flames with a fast burning speed. The flame is yellow and emits an ester sour taste. After burning, there is very little ash, only a small amount of gray black ash.